{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Sauvegarde d'objets\n",
    "\n",
    "Il possible de sauvegarder tout objet sous format `.RData`. Il convient de faire cette sauvegarde lorsque nous ne voulons pas garder nos objets en mémoire. Surtout, lorsque nous travaillons avec des données importantes en volume.\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    },
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x<-matrix(rnorm(100), ncol=10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    },
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "save(x, file = \"x.RData\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Maintenant, on peut recharger ces mêmes données. pour être sûr que nous n'avons pas chargé les données qui étaient en mémoire, supprimons tout ce qui se retrouve dans l'environnement:"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 71,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    },
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "rm(list=ls())"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "load(\"x.RData\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td> 1.18939619</td><td> 0.01057899</td><td>-0.35654252</td><td> 1.65102435</td><td>-1.3475614 </td><td>-0.70525999</td><td> 0.12251689</td><td>-1.9915918 </td><td>-0.3322830 </td><td> 1.02455290</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>-0.06534286</td><td> 1.42791869</td><td> 0.87576387</td><td>-1.04904302</td><td>-1.2970706 </td><td>-0.54152388</td><td> 1.24576523</td><td> 0.6561742 </td><td>-0.4844493 </td><td>-0.39839616</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>-1.10988733</td><td> 0.40814513</td><td>-0.98567474</td><td> 0.07558152</td><td>-0.1571415 </td><td> 0.09037718</td><td>-0.56200895</td><td>-0.4960402 </td><td>-1.2550586 </td><td>-0.07348674</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td> 0.67465672</td><td> 0.84057229</td><td>-0.03364994</td><td> 1.78939415</td><td> 0.9036412 </td><td> 0.13285054</td><td> 0.72001113</td><td> 1.5614279 </td><td>-1.2266363 </td><td> 1.71525509</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td> 3.34160414</td><td>-0.47974054</td><td>-0.67199908</td><td> 0.85596379</td><td> 0.1871276 </td><td>-0.34076899</td><td> 0.05979965</td><td>-0.7835429 </td><td> 1.0479630 </td><td> 0.08575501</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>-1.79255793</td><td>-0.99787722</td><td> 2.70522950</td><td> 1.60416877</td><td>-1.1513655 </td><td> 0.54021006</td><td>-0.65092374</td><td> 0.7824136 </td><td> 1.4823115 </td><td> 0.63362158</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>-0.16944079</td><td> 1.25588922</td><td>-0.12954850</td><td> 0.37858396</td><td>-0.3957809 </td><td> 0.80730431</td><td> 0.29098695</td><td>-1.0314703 </td><td>-2.5441580 </td><td>-1.20221796</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td> 0.90407239</td><td>-0.27608180</td><td>-0.08992006</td><td>-0.23410372</td><td>-1.6570973 </td><td>-1.59602886</td><td> 0.62270556</td><td> 0.4811070 </td><td>-0.2526573 </td><td> 1.77087313</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td> 0.65195276</td><td>-0.54867528</td><td> 1.46378626</td><td> 0.59448827</td><td>-0.9709800 </td><td>-0.93753977</td><td>-0.05390880</td><td> 0.7824050 </td><td>-0.1869861 </td><td>-1.14069893</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td> 1.74168331</td><td> 0.18004910</td><td> 0.11510721</td><td>-0.59757236</td><td>-0.2167422 </td><td>-0.01264427</td><td> 1.09123924</td><td>-0.8519077 </td><td>-1.7291689 </td><td> 0.05694140</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{llllllllll}\n",
       "\t  1.18939619 &  0.01057899 & -0.35654252 &  1.65102435 & -1.3475614  & -0.70525999 &  0.12251689 & -1.9915918  & -0.3322830  &  1.02455290\\\\\n",
       "\t -0.06534286 &  1.42791869 &  0.87576387 & -1.04904302 & -1.2970706  & -0.54152388 &  1.24576523 &  0.6561742  & -0.4844493  & -0.39839616\\\\\n",
       "\t -1.10988733 &  0.40814513 & -0.98567474 &  0.07558152 & -0.1571415  &  0.09037718 & -0.56200895 & -0.4960402  & -1.2550586  & -0.07348674\\\\\n",
       "\t  0.67465672 &  0.84057229 & -0.03364994 &  1.78939415 &  0.9036412  &  0.13285054 &  0.72001113 &  1.5614279  & -1.2266363  &  1.71525509\\\\\n",
       "\t  3.34160414 & -0.47974054 & -0.67199908 &  0.85596379 &  0.1871276  & -0.34076899 &  0.05979965 & -0.7835429  &  1.0479630  &  0.08575501\\\\\n",
       "\t -1.79255793 & -0.99787722 &  2.70522950 &  1.60416877 & -1.1513655  &  0.54021006 & -0.65092374 &  0.7824136  &  1.4823115  &  0.63362158\\\\\n",
       "\t -0.16944079 &  1.25588922 & -0.12954850 &  0.37858396 & -0.3957809  &  0.80730431 &  0.29098695 & -1.0314703  & -2.5441580  & -1.20221796\\\\\n",
       "\t  0.90407239 & -0.27608180 & -0.08992006 & -0.23410372 & -1.6570973  & -1.59602886 &  0.62270556 &  0.4811070  & -0.2526573  &  1.77087313\\\\\n",
       "\t  0.65195276 & -0.54867528 &  1.46378626 &  0.59448827 & -0.9709800  & -0.93753977 & -0.05390880 &  0.7824050  & -0.1869861  & -1.14069893\\\\\n",
       "\t  1.74168331 &  0.18004910 &  0.11510721 & -0.59757236 & -0.2167422  & -0.01264427 &  1.09123924 & -0.8519077  & -1.7291689  &  0.05694140\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "|  1.18939619 |  0.01057899 | -0.35654252 |  1.65102435 | -1.3475614  | -0.70525999 |  0.12251689 | -1.9915918  | -0.3322830  |  1.02455290 | \n",
       "| -0.06534286 |  1.42791869 |  0.87576387 | -1.04904302 | -1.2970706  | -0.54152388 |  1.24576523 |  0.6561742  | -0.4844493  | -0.39839616 | \n",
       "| -1.10988733 |  0.40814513 | -0.98567474 |  0.07558152 | -0.1571415  |  0.09037718 | -0.56200895 | -0.4960402  | -1.2550586  | -0.07348674 | \n",
       "|  0.67465672 |  0.84057229 | -0.03364994 |  1.78939415 |  0.9036412  |  0.13285054 |  0.72001113 |  1.5614279  | -1.2266363  |  1.71525509 | \n",
       "|  3.34160414 | -0.47974054 | -0.67199908 |  0.85596379 |  0.1871276  | -0.34076899 |  0.05979965 | -0.7835429  |  1.0479630  |  0.08575501 | \n",
       "| -1.79255793 | -0.99787722 |  2.70522950 |  1.60416877 | -1.1513655  |  0.54021006 | -0.65092374 |  0.7824136  |  1.4823115  |  0.63362158 | \n",
       "| -0.16944079 |  1.25588922 | -0.12954850 |  0.37858396 | -0.3957809  |  0.80730431 |  0.29098695 | -1.0314703  | -2.5441580  | -1.20221796 | \n",
       "|  0.90407239 | -0.27608180 | -0.08992006 | -0.23410372 | -1.6570973  | -1.59602886 |  0.62270556 |  0.4811070  | -0.2526573  |  1.77087313 | \n",
       "|  0.65195276 | -0.54867528 |  1.46378626 |  0.59448827 | -0.9709800  | -0.93753977 | -0.05390880 |  0.7824050  | -0.1869861  | -1.14069893 | \n",
       "|  1.74168331 |  0.18004910 |  0.11510721 | -0.59757236 | -0.2167422  | -0.01264427 |  1.09123924 | -0.8519077  | -1.7291689  |  0.05694140 | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      [,1]        [,2]        [,3]        [,4]        [,5]       [,6]       \n",
       " [1,]  1.18939619  0.01057899 -0.35654252  1.65102435 -1.3475614 -0.70525999\n",
       " [2,] -0.06534286  1.42791869  0.87576387 -1.04904302 -1.2970706 -0.54152388\n",
       " [3,] -1.10988733  0.40814513 -0.98567474  0.07558152 -0.1571415  0.09037718\n",
       " [4,]  0.67465672  0.84057229 -0.03364994  1.78939415  0.9036412  0.13285054\n",
       " [5,]  3.34160414 -0.47974054 -0.67199908  0.85596379  0.1871276 -0.34076899\n",
       " [6,] -1.79255793 -0.99787722  2.70522950  1.60416877 -1.1513655  0.54021006\n",
       " [7,] -0.16944079  1.25588922 -0.12954850  0.37858396 -0.3957809  0.80730431\n",
       " [8,]  0.90407239 -0.27608180 -0.08992006 -0.23410372 -1.6570973 -1.59602886\n",
       " [9,]  0.65195276 -0.54867528  1.46378626  0.59448827 -0.9709800 -0.93753977\n",
       "[10,]  1.74168331  0.18004910  0.11510721 -0.59757236 -0.2167422 -0.01264427\n",
       "      [,7]        [,8]       [,9]       [,10]      \n",
       " [1,]  0.12251689 -1.9915918 -0.3322830  1.02455290\n",
       " [2,]  1.24576523  0.6561742 -0.4844493 -0.39839616\n",
       " [3,] -0.56200895 -0.4960402 -1.2550586 -0.07348674\n",
       " [4,]  0.72001113  1.5614279 -1.2266363  1.71525509\n",
       " [5,]  0.05979965 -0.7835429  1.0479630  0.08575501\n",
       " [6,] -0.65092374  0.7824136  1.4823115  0.63362158\n",
       " [7,]  0.29098695 -1.0314703 -2.5441580 -1.20221796\n",
       " [8,]  0.62270556  0.4811070 -0.2526573  1.77087313\n",
       " [9,] -0.05390880  0.7824050 -0.1869861 -1.14069893\n",
       "[10,]  1.09123924 -0.8519077 -1.7291689  0.05694140"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Il aussi possible de sauvegarder les données (les résultats par exemple) dans des fichiers `.csv` qu'on pourrait redistribuer par la suite dans le contexte de production de rapport ou de partage de résultats.\n",
    "\n",
    "Nous utilisons alors la fonction `write.csv`;\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    },
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "write.csv(x, \"données_x.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Remarquez qu'à chaque fois nous réexécutons ce code, nous supprimons l'ancien fichier portant le même nom.\n",
    "\n",
    "On peut aussi lire ce même fichier avec la fonction \n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 75,
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "jupyter": {
     "outputs_hidden": true
    },
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "oo<-read.csv(\"données_x.csv\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 76,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<table>\n",
       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>X</th><th scope=col>V1</th><th scope=col>V2</th><th scope=col>V3</th><th scope=col>V4</th><th scope=col>V5</th><th scope=col>V6</th><th scope=col>V7</th><th scope=col>V8</th><th scope=col>V9</th><th scope=col>V10</th></tr></thead>\n",
       "<tbody>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>1          </td><td> 1.18939619</td><td> 0.01057899</td><td>-0.35654252</td><td> 1.65102435</td><td>-1.3475614 </td><td>-0.70525999</td><td> 0.12251689</td><td>-1.9915918 </td><td>-0.3322830 </td><td> 1.02455290</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>2          </td><td>-0.06534286</td><td> 1.42791869</td><td> 0.87576387</td><td>-1.04904302</td><td>-1.2970706 </td><td>-0.54152388</td><td> 1.24576523</td><td> 0.6561742 </td><td>-0.4844493 </td><td>-0.39839616</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>3          </td><td>-1.10988733</td><td> 0.40814513</td><td>-0.98567474</td><td> 0.07558152</td><td>-0.1571415 </td><td> 0.09037718</td><td>-0.56200895</td><td>-0.4960402 </td><td>-1.2550586 </td><td>-0.07348674</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>4          </td><td> 0.67465672</td><td> 0.84057229</td><td>-0.03364994</td><td> 1.78939415</td><td> 0.9036412 </td><td> 0.13285054</td><td> 0.72001113</td><td> 1.5614279 </td><td>-1.2266363 </td><td> 1.71525509</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>5          </td><td> 3.34160414</td><td>-0.47974054</td><td>-0.67199908</td><td> 0.85596379</td><td> 0.1871276 </td><td>-0.34076899</td><td> 0.05979965</td><td>-0.7835429 </td><td> 1.0479630 </td><td> 0.08575501</td></tr>\n",
       "\t<tr><td>6          </td><td>-1.79255793</td><td>-0.99787722</td><td> 2.70522950</td><td> 1.60416877</td><td>-1.1513655 </td><td> 0.54021006</td><td>-0.65092374</td><td> 0.7824136 </td><td> 1.4823115 </td><td> 0.63362158</td></tr>\n",
       "</tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n"
      ],
      "text/latex": [
       "\\begin{tabular}{r|lllllllllll}\n",
       " X & V1 & V2 & V3 & V4 & V5 & V6 & V7 & V8 & V9 & V10\\\\\n",
       "\\hline\n",
       "\t 1           &  1.18939619 &  0.01057899 & -0.35654252 &  1.65102435 & -1.3475614  & -0.70525999 &  0.12251689 & -1.9915918  & -0.3322830  &  1.02455290\\\\\n",
       "\t 2           & -0.06534286 &  1.42791869 &  0.87576387 & -1.04904302 & -1.2970706  & -0.54152388 &  1.24576523 &  0.6561742  & -0.4844493  & -0.39839616\\\\\n",
       "\t 3           & -1.10988733 &  0.40814513 & -0.98567474 &  0.07558152 & -0.1571415  &  0.09037718 & -0.56200895 & -0.4960402  & -1.2550586  & -0.07348674\\\\\n",
       "\t 4           &  0.67465672 &  0.84057229 & -0.03364994 &  1.78939415 &  0.9036412  &  0.13285054 &  0.72001113 &  1.5614279  & -1.2266363  &  1.71525509\\\\\n",
       "\t 5           &  3.34160414 & -0.47974054 & -0.67199908 &  0.85596379 &  0.1871276  & -0.34076899 &  0.05979965 & -0.7835429  &  1.0479630  &  0.08575501\\\\\n",
       "\t 6           & -1.79255793 & -0.99787722 &  2.70522950 &  1.60416877 & -1.1513655  &  0.54021006 & -0.65092374 &  0.7824136  &  1.4823115  &  0.63362158\\\\\n",
       "\\end{tabular}\n"
      ],
      "text/markdown": [
       "\n",
       "X | V1 | V2 | V3 | V4 | V5 | V6 | V7 | V8 | V9 | V10 | \n",
       "|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
       "| 1           |  1.18939619 |  0.01057899 | -0.35654252 |  1.65102435 | -1.3475614  | -0.70525999 |  0.12251689 | -1.9915918  | -0.3322830  |  1.02455290 | \n",
       "| 2           | -0.06534286 |  1.42791869 |  0.87576387 | -1.04904302 | -1.2970706  | -0.54152388 |  1.24576523 |  0.6561742  | -0.4844493  | -0.39839616 | \n",
       "| 3           | -1.10988733 |  0.40814513 | -0.98567474 |  0.07558152 | -0.1571415  |  0.09037718 | -0.56200895 | -0.4960402  | -1.2550586  | -0.07348674 | \n",
       "| 4           |  0.67465672 |  0.84057229 | -0.03364994 |  1.78939415 |  0.9036412  |  0.13285054 |  0.72001113 |  1.5614279  | -1.2266363  |  1.71525509 | \n",
       "| 5           |  3.34160414 | -0.47974054 | -0.67199908 |  0.85596379 |  0.1871276  | -0.34076899 |  0.05979965 | -0.7835429  |  1.0479630  |  0.08575501 | \n",
       "| 6           | -1.79255793 | -0.99787722 |  2.70522950 |  1.60416877 | -1.1513655  |  0.54021006 | -0.65092374 |  0.7824136  |  1.4823115  |  0.63362158 | \n",
       "\n",
       "\n"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  X V1          V2          V3          V4          V5         V6         \n",
       "1 1  1.18939619  0.01057899 -0.35654252  1.65102435 -1.3475614 -0.70525999\n",
       "2 2 -0.06534286  1.42791869  0.87576387 -1.04904302 -1.2970706 -0.54152388\n",
       "3 3 -1.10988733  0.40814513 -0.98567474  0.07558152 -0.1571415  0.09037718\n",
       "4 4  0.67465672  0.84057229 -0.03364994  1.78939415  0.9036412  0.13285054\n",
       "5 5  3.34160414 -0.47974054 -0.67199908  0.85596379  0.1871276 -0.34076899\n",
       "6 6 -1.79255793 -0.99787722  2.70522950  1.60416877 -1.1513655  0.54021006\n",
       "  V7          V8         V9         V10        \n",
       "1  0.12251689 -1.9915918 -0.3322830  1.02455290\n",
       "2  1.24576523  0.6561742 -0.4844493 -0.39839616\n",
       "3 -0.56200895 -0.4960402 -1.2550586 -0.07348674\n",
       "4  0.72001113  1.5614279 -1.2266363  1.71525509\n",
       "5  0.05979965 -0.7835429  1.0479630  0.08575501\n",
       "6 -0.65092374  0.7824136  1.4823115  0.63362158"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "head(oo)"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "metadata": {
  "kernelspec": {
   "display_name": "R",
   "language": "R",
   "name": "ir"
  },
  "language_info": {
   "codemirror_mode": "r",
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